Yarn and apparatus and process for making yarn



May 18 1926. 1,585,614

J- A. HEANY YARN AND APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING YARN Original F lan. 4, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR J01? A/len Hear/7y ATTORNEY May 181926. v 1,585,614

J. A. HEANY YARN AND APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING YARN Original Fi eJ 4- 1924 2 Sfieets-Shaet 2 INVENTOR J0/7/7 /U/6/7 Heany ATTORNEYPatented May 18, 1926.

UNlTEl STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN ALLEN HEANY, OF NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO WORLD BEBTOBCORPORATION, OF PATEB SON, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

YARN AND APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR MAKING YARN.

Application filed January 4, 1024, Serial mo. 684,825. Renewed January28, 1926.

This invention relates to a process for manufacturing yarn out of paperstrip and more particularly of asbestos paper or similar materials andto apparatus requisite for carrying out the process.

In the, metho of am manufacture heretofore employed, it as been usual toform the yarn fibres into loose rovings which were subsequently builtabout a thread or metal core to form a yarn. Disadvantages of thismethod lie in the fact that it becomes in eneral essential to use fibresof appreciab e length in order to 've coherence to the roving and alsoin t at a carding step is generally requisite to align the 'bres.

Among the objects of the invention, therefore, is contemplated theprovision of a simple process whereby yarns may be manufactured fromeither long or short fibred asbestos material, which may be bound andformed into a thin uniform paper-like strip or band of suliicientcohesivencss and tenacity to undergo subsequent strand and yarn formingoperations.

Another object is the provision of means for the manufacture of yarnfrom apaper strip in which the binding material has been loosenedbymoistening.

An important object is the rovision of means for the manufacture o yarnfrom asbestos material irrespective of the length, texture or strengthof the individual fibres.

Another object contem lated is the utilization of means for manipulatingand processing a non'coherent element and a relatively strongersupporting material so that the two form together a closely compactedand tenacious yarn structure,

An object also is the provision of a step in the yarn manufacturingprocess which includes shaping the yarn by a rubbing manipulationadapted to smooth out the corrugations and-unevenness of the yarn andgive uniformity to the product. Still another object is the revision ofapparatus by means of whic paper strip may be utilized in themanufacture of yarn without the necesity of placing tension on the stripwhich would result in breakage of the material.

Further objects are contemplated in the provision of apparatuspermitting the use arms, the fibresby incorporation with the 'inderbeing independent of frictional contact with each other; and otherobjects in timately associated with the processes involved and themechanism and a paratus utilized as will become evident rom examinationof the description of the indicated method hereinafter detailed and frominspection of the accompanying drawings illustrative of the arrangementwhich may be preferred, fulfilling the contemplated objects of theinvention.

One of the more important features of the present invention comprisesthe method of making an asbestos yarn from asbestos paper-like material,or, more specifically, from a strip or band of asbestos material boundwith suflicient cohesiveness and tenacit and adapted for yarnmanufacture, whic includes the step of helically arran ing said asbestosaper-like material or said strip or band in at form directly with areinforcing filament or core. Another of the more important features ofthe invention comprises the method of makin yarn from an asbestospaper-like strl or and, which comprises associating sai strip or bandabout a reinforcing filament or core, shaping or condensing said stripor band on the filament or core to form a strand, and there-' aftercombining said strand with one or more reinforcingfilaments to form ayarn.

Referring to (the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a view in perspective showing the twisting mechanism employedin the initial of manufacture;

Fig. 2 1s a perspective view of the rub bing mechanism for compactingthe fabric upon the yarn;

F jg. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a twister perat-ing upon two yarnstrands to form a final intertwisted yarn;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view of a twister o crating on a plurality ofstrands and a plurality of reinforcing filaments;

Fig. 5 is a view of a portion of the 00mpleted yarn and of the strandsand cores forming the same;

Fig. 6 shows a portion of the yarn with separated elements manufactured.according to the process of Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a view illustrative of the various steps in the manufacture ofthe completed yarn from paper fabric and the reinforcing core; an

Fig. 8 is a view of the roller runway.

In carrying out the present invention by the apparatus illustrated inthe drawings, a roll of asbestos paper strip or a paper strip of similarcharacteristics is moistened suiliciently to render it flexible and isthen drawn with little or no tension applied to it into juxtaposition orli ht contact with a reinforcin filament T e roll of paper strip is preerably placed horizontall and the paper taken from the inner en anddrawn upwardly to and-over a roller around which said filament issupplied, the only tension being that of the weight of the short stri asthe paper stri comes into contact wit the reinforcing fi ment. The stripis then given a slight twist which .serves to wrap it about the filamentand thus gives it sufiicient support for the following twistingoperation. In this initial twisting step the asbestos paper is wounduniformly about the reinforcing filament so that upon subsequenttwisting it forms a substantially uniform strand. The'filament andlightly twisted paper strip are then passed over a guide roller and aregiven a second, tight twist which draws the strip tightly and compactlyabout the filament and shapes it thereon so that it forms a unitarystrand therewith and may be subjected to compacting and finishingoperations or to twisting with other reinforcin strands or yarns. Itshould be undezstoo -that the slight twist of the paper strip about theortion of the filament between the two rol era is effected as a resultof the slipping of the strand on the roller from which the strand passesto the twisting apparatus. The tightly twisted reinforced yarn may thenbe finished or smoothed by rubbing or other suitable means or may betwisted with another reinforcing filament or yarn. Any suitablereinforcing filament may be em loyed such as a metallic wire or a strand.0 cotton jute.

In order to more clearly describe the invention, the view in Fig. 1 ofthe twisting mechanism has been limited to a single element, although inpracticeuse is made of a battery of units driven by elements commonthereto. There is shown in this figure a twister 10 adapted to receivefrom a roll 63 of tape 11 and a spool 12 the elements requisite to theformation of the yarn. Although the tape referred to may be of othermaterial, it is as applied to a more specific form of the invention,composed of asbestos fi'bre held together by suitable binding materiaL Amode of manufacturi the paper and the strip cut therefrom; is escribedin my co-pendm application; Serial Number 516,- 129, filed 0v. 18, 1924.

As described in said co-pending application, Serial No. 516,129, theasbestos material is formed into a pulp and passed through an ordinarypaper making machine to form a web which is rolled up in the usualmanner. This web, which in the paper making operation has been renderedsufiiciently dry and compact, particularly in the surface portionsthereof, to have the necessary strength, is separated by a slittingmachine into narrow strips to be utilized in yarn manufacture.Satisfactory results are obtained by combining with the asbestosmaterial in the pulp suitable binding material which serves to increasethe stren h of the finished web or paper, thus ren ering it suitable formanipulation in the yarn making operations.

The core or reinforcement element 13 is for the purposes of thisdisclosure a slender wire of brass or metal having similarcharacteristics, the tensile properties of which, together with itssusceptibility to bending, make it desirable as a reinforcing element ofthe fabric. It is understood, however, that any other core element maybe employed such as vegetable fibre in the shape of cotton.

In the apparatus of Fig. 1, the roll of tape 63 is laced on its flatside within a tra 14 Wl'LlCh is adaptedto receive water throu h an inlet15 in order to moisten the tape. 11 outlet 16 for the liquid within thetray is also provided. Above the tray and positioned so as to be abovethe tape" is a roller 17 supported b a bracket 18. The tape is adaptedto be ed over this roller, there be ing a circular guide loop 19,through which the tape is adapted to have passage, intermediate theroller and the tray and adjacent the roller. The bracket 18 is adaptedto support also a second roller 20 the axis of which lies approximatelyin the plane horizontal with the axis of the roller 17 and over thisroller, coming from the roller 17, the tape is adapted to have movement.

The spool 12 is supported from the bracket 18 through side plates 21intermediate and below the rollers 17 and 20 and the wire is adapted tofeed through a small guide loop 22 around the lower side of the roller17 and over the same and over the second roller 20 beside the strip ofasbestos tape. Since the wire feeds from the under side of the roller17, it is evident that the tape covers the core as indicated in Fig. 8,thus permitting free movement of the tape and preventing binding andgrooving of the fabric. Both rollers 17 and 20 are provided withapproximately movement redial flanges 23 which channel the tape andcore, slthou ttin a mtg-m degree of some. 8.)

Fromthemller 20, peers together fed into the twister 10.- Preferahly,this part of the mechemsm' is positioned unmedzetely below the roller sothat the tension of twisting tends to mointsin the strand properly uponthe roller 20. 4 The twister is ofa usual including a. twist drive whichdetermines e number of twists put in in a given tim hnd a food drivewluclnjn' connection wi the twist drive, determines the rate of feed ofthe strand through thetwister and consequentl the number of trusts perunit of length 0 the twister or yarn. As illustrated, the drive elementsinclude o central twist sleeve 81 and an outer feed sleeve 82 the latterI: supported by a bracket eh. The wi l? 31 is hollowed axially toreceive the elm-end Ind comes at its upper end apulley wheel 88 adaptedto be driven by the gulley belt 84:. The lo'wer end of the sleeve 1carries a. cross late 85 to which are attached deapien egs 3 the lettercarrying a Slur ty 0 rollers 87 ads ed tn receive e yarn A ui e roller88 is positioned near the axis of e twister.

The feed mechanism includes the feed sleeve 32 potioned about the twistsleeve 31, there being a drive pulley at the top of the sleeve connectedto n pulley belt 4:1.

At the base of the feed sleeve is attached a r 42, adapted to mesh withpinions 43, $268 latter inions being connected by shafts 44 to e guiderollers 87. It is e.

crent, therefore, that the speed ct whi 51s strand is fed to the twisteris dependent upon the speed of the pulley wheel 40 and by varying thespeed of this pulley, the number-p5 twists per inch, for example, may heVllll'lfl A guide 1 85 is fastened to a cross bar on the legs 6 of thetwist mechanism and also at the base of the legs 36 additional guideloops 48 are constructed.

The cross bar 445 is adapted to be an ported from base 47 by means of arod 8 upon which the spool i9 is adapted to have shdnhle movement. Forpurposesof illustrution, means for mhving the spool in the rcelin ooration is di mmmaticelly indica t e same comprising a lever arm pivotedat 51 having end contact bearings 62 and 58 the hearing 62 bein udu tedto have frictional en egement wi the of the spool 49 an the bearing 53being adapted to have operative contact with the heart-she cam 54,Ipivotell mounted as at 55. e right hen end g. 1) of the lever is urgedupwardly b suitable means such as a spring ctte ed at its lower end tothe lever to move the spool upwardly and hold the contact bearing 53against the twist is increased B" 1 and 7 are placed in the mechanism of1, the ts 11 in the form of the roll 1 lyin lla in the tray 14 and thecore 13 on e spool 12.v The free ends of these elements are now threadedthrough the various 'de 100 and over the rollers-17 and 20 mto the later10 and pfiiver applied to the twisting mechanism. e effect 01 the twistof the twister 10 on the wire and tape immediately above the pulley 33and intermediate the tape in the tray 14 is as follows.

The section 60 intermediate the roller 20 6. and twister is twisted to alimited extent,

the tape bein wrapped or arranged helicall about e core, the section 61hits!- me etc the rollers 17 and 20 is twisted only a. few times whilethe section 62 isprectically free of twist except for such twist asarises from the origin of the tape from the roll. As illustrate the tapeleaves from the roll 63 at its center and there are two or three twistsin the tape, the number depending on the length of the section 62,between the roll 68 end the roller 17. The twisting of the tape insection 61 is due primeril to the slipping of the strand as it moves utthe re er 20. If the tension between the roller 20 and twister 10 weresufllciently high, there would be no slippage, the point of contool:with the roller 20 acting as a fixed point of support and the tr. e inthe section Glbe' free of twist excep for that which arises m theunrolling of the tape from the roll 68. The tension however, is adjustedso that the twist o the strand effeclive at the roller 20 occasionallyslips and transmits the portion of the twisting action onto the section61 so that in operation, the ta 0 times about the core.

From the description of the operation as given to this point, it isapparent that there are three stages of twisting rior to the entry ofthe strand into the meter proper, the twists occurring in the sections62.

in the section 61 is wrapped a number 61 end 60 and that inthese threestages the pr ively. That this initial twisting o e to is desirable,arises from the fact that tape is moist sind that the binder of the eperis dissolved, the paper having very lit e stren Conse uentlfly, if intraveling from ro or 17 to to or there be no means of support forstructure 70 being the moist tape, it would tend to sag and break.Inasmuch, however, as the tape is wrapped around the wire, this saggingis prevented and the tape is carried in proper relation over to the.ulley 20 where the full twisting force of t e wire is transmitted to thetape. Attention is directed to the fact that the roll of tape 68 isplaced in the tray so that its cunvolutions have a direction inunwinding similar to that of the twister so that the fpreliminary twistdue to the unwinding o the tape is in the some direction and adds to thetwisting imparted by the twisting operation.

The distance intermediate the tray and roller 17 is relatively small sothat the weight at upstanding portion of free tape is insulhcient tocause breakage, even though the pa r "is thoroughly saturated and beyondthe re lot 17 the union of the tape with the wire prevents any ruptureof the fabric.

The strand 69, as it comes from the twisting mechanism, is wound on thereel or spool 49, is somewhat rough due to minor irregu- L'lrities inthe lcyin of the strip as sugted in Fig. 7". is next step, therefore, 18to pass the strand through a rubbin or condensing machine such as isindicate in Fig. 2, there being shown in this Fig. 2, overlying beltstructures 70 and 71, the belt mounted on the rollers 72 and the belt 71on the rollers'm. These belts have u. laterally reciprocating us well usforward movement so that the strand 69 in passing between the belt issubjected to a. aternl or transverse recprocetion while moving forwardlyin the irection as indicated y the arrows in Fig. 2. This combinedforward and lateral movement smoothes the material and works or shapesthe pol about the core so that on emergence it is a. c osely compactedand rounded stran as indicate b 74 in Fig. 7. In actual manufacture othe yarn, a. number of separate strands are simultaneously manfilulatedby the condenser, form a plur 'ty of separate spools of smooths strands.

After the condensing operation, the strand is ready for the fine.twisting step. This operation consists in a simple twisting movementutilizing the form of mechanism shown in Fig. 1 and diagrammaticallyindicated in Fig. 3. Referring to Fig. 8, there are shown two spools and81 of, preliminary yarn strands 74 and these strands are fedsimultaneous] over guide rollers 76 through ide loops 6 into the twister77, the meerial emerging as a final twisted yarn 78 indicated as in Fig.5 with the two strands uniformly and closely wrapped about each other,forming a compact and strong yam suitable for any use, requiring greatstrength and wearing properties an resistance to boat. 'It is pointedout that the paper or paper-like strip or band which is wrapped yarn.

about the wire cores is retained in place not only by the twist of thecore element itself, but also by the iuteren out of the two adjacentstrands, one ai ing the other in maintaining the material in position inthe The number of twists per unit of length is such that under allordinary circumstances and in all ordinary uses, the paper material isheld closely in position in the urn structure, there being littl if any,

ten ency for fraying or separation mm the holding core element.

In summary of the varrons steps above indicated, tho gnnerul recess isas follows:

Paper in the form 0 a narrow strip, preferubly composed of asbestos heldtogether by a binding material including starch, is subjected tomoisture, to loosen the binder and then fed with a filament such asbrass wire over a carrier including n plurality of rollers where npreliminary twist is imparted to the strip and the filament sufiicientto loosely unite the two elements together. The combined strip andfilament is then fed into a twisting mechanism to produce a. preliminaryyarn which subsequently is passed through a condenser machine to roundout and smooth the strand, and then finally twisted with another similarstrand or am other reinforcirlg filament.

W'hen desired, marked flexibility of the urn may be obtained beliminutin the inder from the paper y means 0 mechanical vibration orheat. In cases wheres somewhat stifler type of yarn is preferred, suchyarn may be obtained by eliminating part only of the binder in themanufacturing process and retainin :1. sufficient amount to ive thedesired sti ness. To obtain such ifierence in stillness, the amount ofmoisture applied to the type may be varied by the amount of watersupplied in the tray, such amount being reudi y controlled by theoperator.

The general process as outlined above is applicable to the use of thesingle tape in connection with a sin le core but variations from thissimple combination may readily be made. In certain cases two wires maybe supplied for twisting with the single tape 11, such wires beingsupplied in any suitable manner, as, for example, from a single spool12. If desired, the number of wires may be multiplied in any other wayand also the number of tapes or strips used me be increased with orwithout mcreasi e number of wires, thus roducing a na! yarn, thestrength and arwcteristics of which me be varied within wide limits nFig. 4:, there is illustrated diagrammatically a modification of theapparatus and rocess in which the final twisting step includes as anaddition to the strands 74, one or more wires 95, these wires beingadapted to be led along the guide rolls 75 single unit, the twi thetwister 77 as a operation wrapping the free wire filamen clues?- -,nboutthe strand 'i-l. This modified proc 'ure produces a finished am havingexceptionally hi tensile an wearing props tional bare wire filament D5wrappmg itself about the exterior of the preliminary yarns and tendingto bind the loose fibres m P081- lion and reventin the same from beingcombed on of the nablogrrn by friction" or contact with foreign as. InFig. 6, a

and guide loop 76 into portion 96 of the completed yarn roduoodillustrated,

according to the modification of g. 4:, is

I make no claim or claims herein broadly to a multi-strand asbestosyarn, as that is covered in m co-gendinga phcation,Serml No. 82,260,anuary 9, 1926; nor do I claim broadly herein the process ofmanufacturing a multi-strand asbestos yarn, as that is embraced in mco-flpeuding application, Serial No. 8 9, ed Janna 19, 1926. Mention isso made herein t t a plurality of wires may be. combined with one ormore tapes or strips 11 or a plurality, of strips may be combined withone or moreiilaments, but I make no claim or claims herein to-suchsubject matter broadly as the same is claimed in my co-fipendingapplication, Serial No. 685,800, led January 10,

1924, renewed January 25, 1926.

For'convenience in illustration, there is e shown one independentmechanism for cartill rying out each step 01 the process. It should beunderstood, however, that the embodiments of such mechanisms hereehownare n'erel illustrative and that the other sortable onus of mechanismmay be substituted therefor. It will readily be seen, however, 4

that, instead of using mechanism in which winding the article on aspool'after each operation is use may be made of mechanism in whichcertain successiveptep: may be carried out continuously. his toexpressly understood, however, that, in so far as the method isconcerned, I do not limit myself to the apparatus illustrated anddescribed herein dependent in an wise u said apparatus but may obvio. ibe earned out in practice 3y apparatus or than that covered by e aparatus claims hereinwithout do are; ing rnthe true spirit and n o myinvention. It is also-to be y understood tbatldonotlimitm ftotheexaot.

steps of the process herein described inw much as man changes may bemade and even modill 'ons resorted to without devi ating from the trueirit and scope of my invention as defin by the annexed method. orprocess claims It should also be expressly that mechanism disclosed ismerely illustrative and that the ee,t head as the method is not.

strip to render it more workable, twisting samemaybe ormodifiedinvarionsrespects without pa from the true spirit of the inventionas efined inthe np paratus claims. a

Note should be made also nfthe fact that while it is not tie] that theenclosing pa r pulp be moist in-the rubbing operation an in the finaltwist operation, it is desir able that a certain amount of moisture bepresent in order to facilitate the smoothing and condensing proces andmore readily permit an intimae inte nt of the carious strands. It hasbeen in dposltitvfifili i if 1m opera 1011 an on material is not soreadily'workcd as w t, a h d:

moreover, is more subject to breakage in some conditions and wherecertain. (as of raw material is employed as in lolfi red stock, a dryworlnnfiema e desir s.

It should understood that the term asbestos material, wherever itappears in the specificatiop and claims, is intended to refer tomaterial having a substantial percentage of asbestos fibres,such as togive more or less the characteristim of r as far as wor and handling areconearned, and the m 1W II material where used lwfi specifi ation andclaims shall be considered as thus defined.

While the-invention has been described ith reference to a singleificdisclosure, it is a parent that mbdi cations of the inyentive i eamay be readily made by those sk lled in the art to which the inventionpertame. It is not desired therefore to limit the mvcution exce t asdefined in the claims hereunto atpipend Ha 1 as described the invention,what 18 a u a o 15: I

1. A rocess of making yam from paper strip which comprises the striparound a. reinforcing core, con easing the stri on tbecore to'formastrand, and fina twisting the strand with a. reinforcmg element.

2. A of making yarn from paper str ip w ch comprises mo the strip,

twisting the strip while wet with -a reinment.

3. The process of making yarn luding forming a strip of asbestosmaterial d together b workable bin material, twisting e strip about aand shaping the strip about said core.

4. The process of making yarn including forminga strip of m: materialhel together by binding material, the

the strip about a reinforcing core, and shaping the strip about saidcore- Ill ' orcing core,

Ill

5. The proces of yarn from asbestos pa r strip containing bindinmaterial, which com rises softening the ind ing material b? w ich thefibres of the strip are held toge her, and immediately thereaftertwisting .the strip about a supportig core which is being simultaneouslytwist 6. The process of making yarn from asbestos paper strip containingbinding material, which'com rises loosening the binding material b w 'chthe fibresof the strip are held toge er, twisting the strip about asupporting core which is being simultaneously twisted and su uentlyshaping the strip about t e core to cm a strand.

7. The process of making yarn from as bestos' paper strip havin rialincorporated therewith, whi comrises softening the binding material bywhich the fibres of the strip are held to gether, and twisting the stripin successive stages of increasing twist about a supporting' element.

8. The roccss of making yarn from paper strip aving binding materialincorporuted therewith, which comprises lcosenin the binding material bywhich the fibres o the strip are held together, twisting the strip abouta supporting core in successive stages, including a primary stage wherethe twists are relatively w, and a subsequent stage where the twists arerelatively numerous.

9. The process of making yarn from pa.- per strip having bindingmaterial incorrated therewith, which comprises loosenmg the bindingmaterial by which the fibres otthe strip are held together, twisting thestrip about a supporting core in showssiveistages, including a primarystage where the twists are relatively few, and a subsequent stage wherethe twists are relatively numerous, and subsequently shaping the stripabout said core.

10. A process of making yarn from asbestos pitlper strip, whichcomprises placing :1 r0 of strip in a moistening device, moisteuin thestri and feeding the moistened strip througii a twisting mechanism witha strip supporting element.

11. A process of making yarn from usbcstos paper strip, which comprismplacing a roll of strip in a moistening receptacle, moistening thestrip, feeding the moistened strip through a twisting mechanism with astrip supporting element, and subsequently sha ing t e air: on thesupporting element to cm a stran 12. A process of melting yarn fromasbestos paper strip, which comprises placing a roll of strip in amoistening receptacle, moistening the strip, feeding the moistened stripthrough a twisting mechanism with a strip 511 porting element, subsuently shaping e strip on the supporting lement to form a strand, andfinally twisting the strand with another supporting element.

13. In apparatus for making yarn, the combination of a moisteningreceptacle, ndnpted to receive paper stri rolls, a twistmg device, andmeans inclu ing a plurality of rollers for gu'idin said paper strip fromthe receptacle to sai twisting device.

14. In apparatus for making yarn, the combination ofa moisteningreceptacle, adapted toreceivs paper strip rolls, a twisting device, a sufor a reinforcing element, means in udmg a plurality of rollers forguiding said paper strip from the receptacle and said reinforcingelement from its support to said twisting device.

15. A method of making reinforced yarn of fibrous asbestos material, comrising forming a'relatively weak strip of E res of such material,twisting said strip under low tension with a rein orcing element to forma strand, and. twisting with a tight twist the composite strand soformed 16. A method of forming a reinforced yarn, comprisingsupplying areinforcing element, appl pg a strip of comparatively low stren freelyfrom a source of supply to said cement, winding the strip loosely on theelement, and twisting the strip and element. v 17. In apparatus formaking yarn, twistin means, means for so sup citing a strip 1-0 as topermit the strip to drawn fre li therefrom in a direction transverse tot e lane thereof, means including a guide to etermine the direction ofsuch withdrawal for guiding the strip from the roll to the twistingmeans and means for bringing a reintorci e ement into engagement withthe guide in juxtaposition W1 h the strip for twisting therewith;

18. In apparatus for making yarn, a support adapted toreceive a paperstrip mass rom which a paper strip may be drawn substantially withoutdrag and without moving said mass, a twisting device, means for guid inthe strip from the strip mass to the twlsting devi'ceincluding a guidehaving a groove over which the strip passes on its we to the twistingdevice, and a second guide to receive the strip from the first guide anddirect it to the twisting device, and means for supplying a reinforcingeloment to said groovebeneath the strip to enable the element to be fedwith the strip to the second guide and to the twisting device.

19. In apparatus for making yarn, a suppprt adapted to receive a paperstrip mass cm which a spper strip may be drawn substantially wi out dragand without moving said mass, a twisting device, means for guidin saidstrip in the proper direction from e mass on said support and to thetwisting device, and means for supplying eemngto 'ing device, e

roll to permit the stri rerselytherefrom, e.

o: d rearwerdly beyond sai s roing element to the at the"dingnnemtobetwisted hestrip pesstothet' deuce.

20. oie pperctus for-me ye menus toeup erollofstrlpme fletto. rmit thestrip tube drawn on ensveree ofthe roll, mtwleb de ro or to receivestrip from the re and having its periphery a groove over whichfiie stripasses, means for suppl ing a reinforcing e out to the groove 0 saidroller to permit the strip to wind looeel around the element us it 18drown from e strip roll, and additional gal of the element and looselywpund strip and guide it to the twisting device.

2L In ,spperetus for -msk1ng yarn, twister meens for reocmng a paperstrip gether the strip and a reinforcing element and a second evice todirect the stri an element to the twister and to resist the wist- -ingto cause a loose twist on the side thereof 7 ll t twist on the aidetoward the twister.

22. In an apparatus for making yarn, e. twister, e an rt for a epe'rstrip, a suprt for e. reinforcing ement,' means for ringing together thestrip and the reinforcelement, and e second means to direct the'strip opthe the twister and a compnratlvel cause 1 loose'twist between thefirst-end second means and e eomperetively tight twist between thesecond means and the twister.

28 111 on apperntns for making yer-n,

su gm said strip end element from said ports to the twister, end meansalso went as they epproech the 24. In an apparatus for melting yarn, atwister, a. support for e a'per strip I. support for a" reinforcing eement, on menus contacting with the yarn which serves toresistthejwistbeokofsnidmeensnndto ellect an increasing twist to saidstrip and element as they epgroeoh the twister.

t 25. Amethodo rnoom risin forming 0 pa strip 0 of which the es areheld' or by suitoble binding materiel, sup lying the per strip st lowtension, mg and mg the strip, and at e predeterm ned pomt the twmting othe strip to effeet greater twist of the strip after peasin and pointwhile permitt" the twist to int. 26. AL-rnethod of msking yu'n ohnrising ipl e twister snpplyin a pa stri and e rein orc'm element, theear g ding means to receive the strcnd formed -with e to'befed'trensevieetobringtomg and element from the first means to the twister end toresist the twisting toen increasing twistto said dry vanetively weekstrip into juxtaposition with a generally horizontal portion of ereinforcmg V element,

loosely the st eround such genernlly 1 rizontal portion to 7 form estrand, end subsequently t twist the stranden formed.

28, A method of remioreedyern including the steps of 1 com ratively,etrip into juxtaposition with h generally horizontal of ereinforcelement, the strip loosely around such gene y orizontal portionto be supported thereby, so ucntly twrstin witbztighttwisttheetran eof,em combining inrelation such tight!twistedetrendendetleastoneotherstren 29. A process of making you; whichoomprisee formin e that strip of asbestos materirlof whic the fibres areheld'to ier b workable binding material and twisting e strip in that'form directly with e reinforcing element to form a strand.

80. At process of mag yarn wlfiich comprises orming s stri o asbestosmaterial of which the abuse :n'e held to gether by binding materiel,treating the strip to render it more workable and twistin; the in Hotform'directl withsreinforein enttoiormastrenr.

81. A process 0 yarn which compriseefo eulcon" material and bindi ngmnterialr orming a finished web from said pnlp, eeparet1ng the web intoflat ptripe of suitable width, trertin each of and strips to render itmore worlrn and one or more of said strips in Hot form 'recflywith ereinforcing element to form e strand.

82. recess of making yarn which comprises ormi 8gp conteinin asbestosmeterial .end 3 material, orming a. web from said nip, treating the webto dry them in to compact and strengthen the surfaces thereof separatingthe dry web into strips of suitable width, treating one of said stripsto render it more wo able, and said strip in flat form directl with;rein 'orc' element to'form a strmd MFA moth of mekin sebeetos yarn forthe msnufecture of in rice and. other 8 I we which compl'lfiefi thesteps of in 21g and forming asbestos mater-is into 1 thin uniformpaper-like strip or bend of sufiioient cohesiveness and tenacity tounder- 'peudelementtogo subsequent strand forming operations, ll!

strand and lly twisti the strand with a reinioroin element to arm nyarn.

85. A. m od of maki asbestos yarn for the manufacture of in rice andother urposes, .which comprises the steps of orming asbestos materialunited with bindmoterial into a thinuniforzn paper-like strip or band ofsuflicient cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo subsequent strandforming operations, twisting the strip or band about a reinfo core, andshaping said stri or bend on and com to term a strand;

8;. A method of mold yarn for the manufacture of in rice and otherpurposes, which com rises thesteps of bindmg and forming as materialinto a thm uniform paper-like strip or band of suflicientcohesivenessaanfd tenacity to under go subsequent strsn orming 9 rationsi said strip or band, twi tingthd core, and shaping mid stri or band onthe core while in a moist con ition to form a st-rand.

37. A method of meking em for the manufacture of fabrics and 0 ergn'poses which comprises the site of bin 'ng and forming 1': runsmeterie into a thin uniform paper-likestrip or bend of suficientcohesivenes andt tenacity to undergo subsequent strand on'ningoperations, twisting the strip or band about a reinfo core, and shapingsaid strip orbund onthe core to form n 38. A method of m asbestos yarnfor the manufecture of rice and other which com of bindrises the ste mgand forming ==w= material into a fist uniform paper-like strip or bandof sufficieut cohesiveness and tenacity to undergo an uent stllndforming oserationgond of twisting said strip or an infiat form directlywith a reinforcing filament to form a strand.

39. The process of making usbestos from r-lilre strips or hands of vmaterial bound with sufiicient 'ooheeiven and tenacity and adapted foryarn manufac ture, which includes mechanically uniting a strip or bendin flat form directly with a filament with the strip or bend amhelically about the fiunent, and fu yarn ' trip or bend about areinforcing.

filament.

41. A process of making asbestos yarn from apaper-like strip or bend ofeuflicicntcohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture,which includes mechunirally unitin directly wit a filament how the stripor band arre helicelly about the filament, and m enioelly shaping saidstri or bond about the filament to form a stran 42. The prom of asbestosyarn which includes formi a flat strip of asbestos material of which thefibres ere held together by workable bindi material, and elicsllarranging the stn in fist form by m anicnl means direct with ereinforcinfi lelement to form a. strand.

43. eprocess of maki ynrn which includes formin a H strip of usbestosmaterial of which e fibres are held together by binding material treatithe strip to render it more workable, end ifu'ectly arranging bymechanical means the treat ed Strip in flat form helically with c reinforcin element to form s strand.

44. BPI'O'OBSB 0f ygm from a pa. r-liko strip of us bound wi sufiicientcohesiveness end-tenacibg and adapted for yarn manufacture, whicincludes mechsnicall uniting the strip or bsndin flat form directly witha metallic reinforcin 'core with the strip or bend arranged hehcellyAbout the metallic core, and further-mechanically uniting said strip orbend and said metallic core to form a. yarn.

45. A recess of maki asbestos yarn, which inc udesforming a paper-likematerial bound with suflicient co and tenwity and ads. for yarnmanufacture, and mechani y unitingthe paper-like material in list formdirectl with a metallic reinforcing core to form a nudge the paper-likemateriel arranged heli lly t the metallic core.

*6. A process of making yum, which comprises binding and formi usbestosmaterial into n paper-like strip or band of sufiicient cohesiveness andtenacity to undergo subsequent mechanical strand and yarn formingoperations, and mechanically twisting the stri or bend in fiat formdirectly with e metelEc reinforcing eons to he strip or band in flatform form a strand having the strip or band arranged helically about themetallic core.

47. The process of making asbestos yarn from a fiat asbestos strip heldtogether by binding material, which includes moistening the strip torender it more workable, and subsequently helioally arranging the moiststrip while flat by mechanical means about a metallic reinforcing core.

48. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a flatstrip of as bestos material of which the fibres are held together byworkable binding material, and helically arranging the strip in flatform by mechanical means directly with a metallic reinforcing element toform a strand.

49. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a flatstrip of asbestos material of which the fibres are held together bybinding material, treating the strip to render it more workable, andhelically arranging the treated strip in fiat form by mechanical meansdirectly with a metallic reinforcing element to form a strand.

50. The process of making asbestos yarn from paper-like strips or handsof asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity andadapted for yarn manufacture, which includes associating a strip or bandwith a reinforcing filament, shaping said strip or band on said filamentto form a strand, and thereafter combining said strand with one or moreadditional filaments to form a yarn.

51. A process of making asbestos yarn from a' paper-like strip or bandof suflicicnt cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarnmanufacture, which includes mechanically associating the st rip or handhelically with a reinforcing filament, mechanically shaping said stripor band on said filament, to form a strand, and thereafter mechanicallyassociating said strand with one or more additional filaments in helicalarrangement to form a yarn.

52. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or bandof asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity andadapted for yarn manufac ture, which includes, moistening said strip orband, mechanically associating the strip or band with a reinforcingfilament, mechanically shaping said strip or band on said filament toform a strand, and thereafter mechanically combining said strand withone or more additional reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

53. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or bandof asbestos material, which includes moistening the strip or band,helically arrangingsaid strip or band about a reinforcing filament,shaping said strip or band on said filament to form a strand, andthereafter combining said strand with one or more additional reinforcingfilaments in helical arrangement to form a yarn.

5-1. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or bandof asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity andadapted for yarn manufacture, which includes moistening said strip orband, mechanically associating the strip or band with a reinforcingfilament, sha ing said strip or band on said filament to orm a strand,and thereafter mechanically combining, with or without one or moreadditional filaments, said strand and one or more additional strands toform a yarn.

55. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or morefilaments combined therewith, at least one of said strands comprising a.reinforcing filament and as bestos material bound with sufiicientcohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations.

56. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or morefilaments twister] therewith, at least one of said strands comprising acore combined with asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesivenessand tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture.

57. Au asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or morefilaments combined therewith, at least oiie of said strands comprisingasbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity toundergo strand and yarn forming operations.

58. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or morefilaments twisted therewith, at least one of said strands comprisingasbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity andadapted for yarn manufacture.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

JOHN ALLENHEANY! form a strand having the strip or band arrangedhclically about the metallic core.

47. The process of making asbestos yarn from a flat asbestos strip heldtogether by binding material, which includes moistening the strip torender it more workable, and subsequently helically arranging the moiststrip while flat by mechanical means about a metallic reinforcing core.

48. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a fiatstrip of asbestos material of which the fibres are held together byworkable binding material, and helically arranging the strip in flatform by mechanical means directly with a metallic reinforcing element toform a strand.

49. The process of making asbestos yarn which comprises forming a flatstrip of asbestos material of which the fibres are held together bybinding material, treating the strip to render it more workable, and helically arranging the treated strip in flat form by mechanical meansdirectly with a metallic reinforcing element to form a strand.

50. The process of making asbestos yarn from paper-like strips or bandsof asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesiveness and tenacity andadapted for yarn manufacture, which includes associating a strip or bandwith a reinforcing filament, shaping said strip or band on said filamentto form a strand, and thereafter combining said strand with one or moreadditional filaments to form a yarn.

51. A process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or band ofsnliicicnt cohesiveness and tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture,which includes mechanically associating the strip or band helically witha reinforcing filament, mechanically shaping said strip or band on saidfilament, to form a strand, and tl 'reafter mechanically associatingsaid sfi t md with one or more additional filaments in helicalarrangement to form a yarn.

52. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or bandof asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness and tenacity andadapted for yarn manufac ture, which includes, moistening said strip orband, mechanically associating the strip or band with a reinforcingfilament, mechanically shapin said strip or band on said filament to orma strand, and there- Certificate after mechanically combining saidstrand with one or more additional reinforcing filaments to form a yarn.

53. The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip or bandof asbestos material, which includes moistenin the strip or band,helically arrangingsaic? strip or band about a reinforcing filament, shaing said strip or band on said filament to term a strand, and thereaftercombining said strand with one or more additional reinforcing filamentsin helical arrangement to form a yarn.

5*]:- The process of making asbestos yarn from a paper-like strip orband of asbestos material bound with suflicient cohesiveness andtenacity and adapted for yarn manufacture, which includes moisteningsaid strip or band, mechanically associating the strip or band with areinforcing filament, sha ing said strip or band on said filament to orma strand, and thereafter mechanically combining, with or without one ormore additional filaments, said strand and one or more additionalstrands to form a. yarn.

55. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or morefilaments combined therewith, at least one of said strands comprising a,reinforcing filament and asbestos material bound with suflicientcohesiveness and tenacity to undergo strand and yarn forming operations.

56. An asbestos yarn formed of a plurality of strands and one or morefilaments twisted therewith, at least one of said strands comprising acore combined with asbestos material bound with sufficient cohesivenessand tenacity and adapted for yarn manufacturc.

57. An asbestos yarn formed of a. plurality of strands and one or morefilaments combined therewith, at least one of said strands comprisingasbestos material bound with snfiicient cohesiveness and tenacity toundergo strand and yarn forming operations.

58. An asbestos yarn formed of a. plurality of strands and one or morefilaments twisted therewith, at least one of said strands comprisingasbestos material bound with sufiicient cohesiveness and tenacity andadapted for yarn manufacture.

In testimony whereof, I afiix my signature.

'JOHN ALLENHEANYJ of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,585,614,()grantedMay 18, 1926,

upon the application of John Allen Heany, of New Haven Yarn andApparatus and Processes for Making Yarn, an error 'nted specificationrequiring correction as follows: Page 4, line 106, type read tape," andthat the said Letters Patent should be read provement in 7 appears inthe for the word nnecticut, for an imwith this correction therein thatthe same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflioe.

Signed and sealedth-is 24th day of August, D. 1926.

' M. J. MOORE, Acting Gammksimr of Patents.

(lertificgte of Correction.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,585,614, granted May18, 1926, upon the application of John Allen Heany, of New Haven,Connecticut, for an improvement in Yarn and Apparatus and Processes for.Making Yarn," an error appears in the printed specification requiringcorrection as follows: Page 4, line 106, for the Word type read tape;and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correctiontherein that the same may conform to the record of the case in thePatent Office.

Signed and sealed this 24th day of August, A. D. 1926.

[ M. J. MOORE,

Acting C'mnmiasimr of Patents.

